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Research & Development (R&D) Activity
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  • Analysis | InfoBrief

    U.S. R&D increased by $62 billion in 2019, to $667 billion; estimate for 2020 indicates a further rise to $708 billion

    R&D by Type of R&D

    In 2019, basic research activities accounted for $102.9 billion, or 15% of U.S. total R&D expenditures (table 4). Applied research was $132.0 billion, or 20% of the total. Most of the total of U.S. R&D expenditures was experimental development at $432.0 billion, or 65%.Higher education accounted ...

  • Data Tables | Data Tables (Individual)

    U.S. R&D increased by $62 billion in 2019, to $667 billion; estimate for 2020 indicates a further rise to $708 billion

    U.S. R&D expenditures, by performing sector, source of funds, and type of R&D: 2019

    The U.S. research and development system consists of activities from a range of R&D performers and sources of funding. These include the federal government, nonfederal governments, business, higher education institutions, nonprofit organizations, and private businesses. Organizations that perform...

  • Data Tables | Data Tables (Individual)

    U.S. R&D increased by $62 billion in 2019, to $667 billion; estimate for 2020 indicates a further rise to $708 billion

    U.S. R&D expenditures, by type of R&D: selected years, 2000–20

    The U.S. research and development system consists of activities from a range of R&D performers and sources of funding. These include the federal government, nonfederal governments, business, higher education institutions, nonprofit organizations, and private businesses. Organizations that perform...

  • Reference

    Definitions of Research and Development: An Annotated Compilation of Official Sources | I. OECD—Frascati Manual

    Definition

    2.5 Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge—including knowledge of humankind, culture and society—and to devise new applications of available knowledge. 2.6 A set of common features identifies R&D act...

  • Reference

    Definitions of Research and Development: An Annotated Compilation of Official Sources | II. U.S. Business Enterprise R&D

    Definition

    R&D comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge and to devise new applications of available knowledge. This includes (a) activities aimed at acquiring new knowledge or understanding without specific immediate commercial applications or uses (basic ...

  • Reference

    Definitions of Research and Development: An Annotated Compilation of Official Sources | II. U.S. Business Enterprise R&D

    Definition

    Research and development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge and to devise new applications of available knowledge. The term R&D does NOT include expenditures for the following: Costs for routine product testing, quality control, and ...

  • Reference

    Definitions of Research and Development: An Annotated Compilation of Official Sources | III. Federal and State Government R&D

    Definition

    Conduct of research and development (R&D): Research and experimental development activities are defined as creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge—including knowledge of people, culture, and society—and to devise new applications using available knowled...

  • Reference

    Definitions of Research and Development: An Annotated Compilation of Official Sources | III. Federal and State Government R&D

    Definition

    Basic research means that research directed toward increasing knowledge in science. The primary aim of basic research is a fuller knowledge or understanding of the subject under study, rather than any practical application of that knowledge. Applied research means the effort that (a) normally fol...

  • Reference

    Definitions of Research and Development: An Annotated Compilation of Official Sources | III. Federal and State Government R&D

    Definition

    Budget Activity 1, Basic Research. Basic research is systematic study directed toward greater knowledge or understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena and of observable facts without specific applications towards processes or products in mind. It includes all scientific study and experi...

  • Reference

    Definitions of Research and Development: An Annotated Compilation of Official Sources | III. Federal and State Government R&D

    Definition

    R&D: Research and experimental development (R&D) activities are defined as creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge—including knowledge of people, culture, and society—and to devise new applications using available knowledge. For reporting R&D activities...